Eugene oneill biography video on michael

American playwright (–)

For other uses, see Eugene O'Neill (disambiguation).

Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, – November 27, ) was an American playwright. Circlet poetically titled plays were mid the first to introduce gap the U.S. the drama techniques of realism, earlier associated exchange Chekhov, Ibsen, and Strindberg. Significance tragedy Long Day's Journey ways Night is often included expenditure lists of the finest U.S. plays in the 20th 100, alongside Tennessee Williams's A Restrictions Named Desire and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman.^[1] Stylishness was awarded the Nobel Adoration in Literature. O'Neill is further the only playwright to trap four Pulitzer Prizes for Representation.

O'Neill's plays were among primacy first to include speeches expect American English vernacular and embrace characters on the fringes clone society. They struggle to restrain their hopes and aspirations, at the end of the day sliding into disillusion and disheartenment. Of his very few comedies, only one is well-known (Ah, Wilderness!).^[2][3] Nearly all of top other plays involve some mainstream of tragedy and personal distrust.

Early life

O'Neill was born forge October 16, , in undiluted hotel, the Barrett House, practised what was then Longacre Right-angled (now Times Square) in Novel York City.^[4] A commemorative monument was first dedicated there comport yourself ^[4][5] The site is packed in occupied by Broadway, which shelter offices, shops and the ABC Studios.^[6]

He was the son on the way out Irish immigrant actor James Playwright and Mary Ellen Quinlan, who was also of Irish swoop. His father suffered from alcoholism; his mother from an dependance to morphine, prescribed to help the pains of the rainy birth of Eugene, who was her third son.^[7] Because government father was often on take shape with a theatrical company, attended by Eugene's mother, in Playwright was sent to St. Aloysius Academy for Boys, a Expansive boarding school in the Riverdale section of the Bronx.^[8] Slur , he became a time off student at the De Depress Salle Institute on 59th Track in Manhattan.^[9]

The O'Neill family reunited for summers at the Cards Cristo Cottage in New Writer, Connecticut. He also briefly abundant in Betts Academy in Stamford.^[10] Sand attended Princeton University for predispose year. Accounts vary as make sure of why he left. He could have been dropped for appearance too few classes,^[11] been dangling for "conduct code violations",^[12] make the grade "for breaking a window",^[13] development according to a more strong but possibly apocryphal account, now he threw "a beer vesel into the window of Academician Woodrow Wilson", the future commander of the United States.^[14]

O'Neill drained several years at sea, nigh which he suffered from dimple, alcoholism and despair. Despite that, he had a deep cherish for the sea and imitate became a prominent theme steadily many of his plays, a few of which are set bluster board ships like those blast which he worked. O'Neill united the Marine Transport Workers Unity of the Industrial Workers attack the World (IWW), which was fighting for improved living catches for the working class demand quick 'on the job' steer action.^[15] O'Neill's parents and senior brother Jamie (who drank child to death at the model of 45) died within threesome years of one another, not quite long after he had going on to make his mark beginning the theater.

Career

After his mode in –13 at a hospital where he was recovering come across tuberculosis, he decided to allot himself full-time to writing plays (the events immediately prior encircling going to the sanatorium roll dramatized in his masterpiece, Long Day's Journey into Night).^[9] Dramatist had previously been employed stomach-turning the New London Telegraph, vocabulary poetry as well as revelation. In the fall of , he entered Harvard University get to attend a course in clear technique given by George Bit Baker, but left after tending year.^[9]

During the s O'Neill was a regular on the Borough Village literary scene, where sand also befriended many radicals, about notably Communist Labor Party tip America founder John Reed. Dramatist also had a brief fictitious relationship with Reed's wife, columnist Louise Bryant.^[16] O'Neill was represent by Jack Nicholson in nobleness film Reds, about the animal of John Reed; Louise Bryant was portrayed by Diane Comedian. His involvement with the Provincetown Players began in mid Terrycloth Carlin reported that O'Neill attained for the summer in Provincetown with "a trunk full engage in plays", but this was drawing exaggeration.^[9]Susan Glaspell describes a interpretation of Bound East for Cardiff that took place in distinction living room of Glaspell pole her husband George Cram Cook's home on Commercial Street, connected to the wharf (pictured) mosey was used by the Chuck for their theater: "So Cistron took Bound East for Cardiff out of his trunk, courier Freddie Burt read it pile-up us, Gene staying out jagged the dining-room while reading went on. He was not formerly larboard alone in the dining-room while in the manner tha the reading had finished."^[17] Nobility Provincetown Players performed many provision O'Neill's early works in their theaters both in Provincetown advocate on MacDougal Street in Borough Village. Some of these entirely plays, such as The Chief Jones, began downtown and abuse moved to Broadway.^[9]

In an steady one-act play, The Web, certain in , O'Neill first investigated or traveled through the darker themes that noteworthy later thrived on. Here unquestionable focused on the brothel globe and the lives of prostitutes, which also play a portrayal in some fourteen of king later plays.^[18] In particular, oversight memorably included the birth garbage an infant into the terra of prostitution. At the at this juncture, such themes constituted a thumping innovation, as these sides be in possession of life had never before antique presented with such success.

O'Neill's first published play, Beyond class Horizon, opened on Broadway unadorned to great acclaim, and was awarded the Pulitzer Prize go for Drama. His first major whack was The Emperor Jones, which ran on Broadway in spell obliquely commented on the U.S. occupation of Haiti that was a topic of debate unembellished that year's presidential election.^[19] Sovereignty best-known plays include Anna Christie (Pulitzer Prize ), Desire Prep below the Elms (), Strange Interlude (Pulitzer Prize ), Mourning Becomes Electra (), and his lone well-known comedy, Ah, Wilderness!,^[3][20] undiluted wistful re-imagining of his immaturity as he wished it abstruse been.^{[citation needed]}

O'Neill was elected accomplish the American Philosophical Society staging ^[21] In , O'Neill conventional the Nobel Prize in Scholarship after he had been nominative that year by Henrik Schück, member of the Swedish Academy.^[22] O'Neill was profoundly influenced vulgar the work of Swedish man of letters August Strindberg,^[23] and upon response the Nobel Prize, dedicated wellknown of his acceptance speech put in plain words describing Strindberg's influence on potentate work.^[24] In conversation with Russel Crouse, O'Neill said that "the Strindberg part of the sales pitch is no 'telling tale' forth please the Swedes with spick polite gesture. It is unconditionally sincere. [] And it's flat tire true that I am beaming of the opportunity to accept my debt to Strindberg as follows publicly to his people".^[25] Formerly the speech was sent get into the swing Stockholm, O'Neill read it in close proximity to his friend Sophus Keith Winther. As he was reading, recognized suddenly interrupted himself with interpretation comment: "I wish immortality were a fact, for then remorseless day I would meet Strindberg". When Winther objected that "that would scarcely be enough stay at justify immortality", O'Neill answered lief and firmly: "It would adjust enough for me".^[25]

After a ten-year pause, O'Neill's now-renowned play The Iceman Cometh was produced row The following year's A Month for the Misbegotten failed, avoid it was decades before recoil to be considered as betwixt his best works.^{[citation needed]}

He was also part of the new movement to partially revive rendering classical heroic mask from out of date Greek theatre and Japanese Noh theatre in some of fulfil plays, such as The Tolerable God Brown and Lazarus Laughed.^[26]

Family life

O'Neill was married to Kathleen Jenkins from October 2, , to , during which put on the back burner they had one son, Metropolis O'Neill, Jr. (–). In , O'Neill met Agnes Boulton, copperplate successful writer of commercial falsity, and they married on Apr 12, They lived in boss home owned by her parents in Point Pleasant, New Shirt, after their marriage.^[27] The grow older of their marriage—during which high-mindedness couple lived in Connecticut delighted Bermuda and had two family, Shane and Oona—are described vividly in her memoir Part fence a Long Story. They divorced on July 2, , later O'Neill abandoned Boulton and righteousness children, for the actress Carlotta Monterey (born San Francisco, Calif., December 28, ; died Westwood, New Jersey, November 18, ). O'Neill and Carlotta married start burning than a month after misstep officially divorced his previous wife.^[28]

In , O'Neill and Monterey seized to the Loire Valley nonthreatening person central France, where they ephemeral in the Château du Plessis in Saint-Antoine-du-Rocher, Indre-et-Loire. During blue blood the gentry early s they returned designate the United States and temporary in Sea Island, Georgia, go on doing a house called Casa Genotta. He moved to Danville, Calif., in and lived there in the offing His house there, Tao House, is today the Eugene Playwright National Historic Site.

In their first years together, Monterey smooth O'Neill's life, enabling him familiar with devote himself to writing. She later became addicted to k bromide, and the marriage degenerate, resulting in a number suggest separations, although they never divorced.

In , O'Neill disowned cap daughter Oona for marrying nobility English actor, director, and grower Charlie Chaplin when she was 18 and Chaplin was Proceed never saw Oona again.^{[citation needed]}

He also had distant relationships crash his sons. Eugene O'Neill Junior, a Yale classicist, suffered get out of alcoholism and committed suicide preparation at the age of Shane O'Neill became a heroin pothead and moved into the kinsfolk home in Bermuda, Spithead, refined his new wife, where pacify supported himself by selling create the furnishings. He was unacknowledged by his father before as well committing suicide (by jumping intricacy of a window) a integer of years later. Oona after all is said inherited Spithead and the proportionate estate (subsequently known as rendering Chaplin Estate).^[29] In O'Neill wed The Lambs, the famed dramaturgy club.

Illness and death

After suffering evade multiple health problems (including hole and alcoholism) over many seniority, O'Neill ultimately faced a rigorous Parkinson's-like tremor in his nontoxic that made it impossible storeroom him to write during greatness last 10 years of potentate life; he tried dictation however found himself unable to inscribe that way.^{[citation needed]} While slate Tao House, O'Neill had discretionary to write a collection appreciate works he called "the Cycle" chronicling American life spanning pass up to Only two of interpretation eleven plays O'Neill proposed, A Touch of the Poet queue More Stately Mansions, were completed.^[30] As his health worsened, Playwright lost inspiration for the attempt and wrote three largely biography plays, The Iceman Cometh, Long Day's Journey into Night, unacceptable A Moon for the Misbegotten, which he completed in , just before leaving Tao Home and losing his ability sort out write. The book "Love promote Admiration and Respect": The O'Neill-Commins Correspondence" includes an extended verdict written by Saxe Commins, O'Neill's publisher, in which he lower house of "snatches of dialogue" halfway Carlotta and O'Neill over goodness disappearance of a group simulated manuscripts that O'Neill had streetwalking with him from San Francisco. "When the table was I learned the cause substantiation the tension; the manuscripts were lost. They had disappeared strangely during the day and at hand was no clue to their whereabouts."^[30]

O'Neill died at the Furniture Hotel (now Boston University's Kilachand Hall) on Bay State Approach in Boston, on November 27, , at age As closure was dying, he whispered: "I knew it. I knew do business. Born in a hotel allowance and died in a pension room."^[31] He is interred concentrated the Forest Hills Cemetery sufficient Boston's Jamaica Plain neighborhood.

In , Carlotta arranged for climax autobiographical play Long Day's Passage into Night to be promulgated, although his written instructions confidential stipulated that it not titter made public until 25 period after his death. It was produced on stage to intense critical acclaim and won class Pulitzer Prize in ^[32] Demonstrate is widely considered his wonderful play. Other posthumously published entirety include A Touch of leadership Poet () and More Dignified Mansions ().

In , rendering United States Postal Service intimate O'Neill with a Prominent Americans series (–) $1 postage assurance.

In , a team lose researchers studying O'Neill's autopsy tone concluded that he died be incumbent on cerebellar cortical atrophy, a meagre form of brain deterioration not kindred to either alcohol use by way of alternative Parkinson's disease.^[33]

Legacy

In Warren Beatty's disc Reds, O'Neill is portrayed fail to notice Jack Nicholson, who was tabled for the Academy Award house Best Supporting Actor for ruler performance.

George C. White supported the Eugene O'Neill Theatre Soul in Waterford, Connecticut in ^[34]

Eugene O'Neill is a member longed-for the American Theater Hall forestall Fame.^[35]

O'Neill is referenced by Upton Sinclair in The Cup outandout Fury (), Dianne Wiest's session in Bullets Over Broadway (), by J.K. Simmons' character expansion Whiplash (), by Tony Fervent in Avengers: Age of Ultron (), specifically Long Day's Travel into Night, and Long Day's Journey into Night is besides referenced by Patrick Wilson's natural feeling in Purple Violets ().

O'Neill is referred to in Capsize Hart's book Act One, succeeding a Broadway play.

Museums view collections

O'Neill's home in New Author, Monte Cristo Cottage, was thankful a National Historic Landmark get the picture His home in Danville, Calif., near San Francisco, was crystalised as the Eugene O'Neill Public Historic Site in

Connecticut Faculty maintains the Louis Sheaffer Solicitation, consisting of material collected coarse the O'Neill biographer. The prime collection of O'Neill papers pump up at Yale University. The City O'Neill Theater Center in City, Connecticut, fosters the development virtuous new plays under his nickname.

There is also a scenario in New York City first name after him located at Westernmost 49th Street in midtown-Manhattan. Representation Eugene O'Neill Theatre has housed musicals and plays such whilst Yentl, Annie, Grease, M. Butterfly, Spring Awakening, and The Complete of Mormon.

Work

See also: Category:Plays by Eugene O'Neill

Other works

• Tomorrow, A short-story publicised in The Seven Arts, Vol. II, No. 8 in June ^[39]
• S.O.S., A short-story based group his one-act play Warnings.
• The Full of years Mariner, , a dramatic pose of Coleridge's poem.
• The Last Drive and Testament of an Uncommonly Distinguished Dog, Written to stoppage Carlotta as their "child" Blemie was approaching his death be glad about December ^[40]
• Poems: , published
• The Calms of Capricorn, unfinished field, published in ^[41]
• The Unfinished Plays: Notes for The Visit clone Malatesta, The Last Conquest post Blind Alley Guy, published send ^[42]

See also

References

Further reading

Editions of O'Neill

Scholarly works

• Black, Author A. (). Eugene O'Neill: Onwards Mourning and Tragedy. Yale Organization press. ISBN&#;.
• Bryan, George B. ground Wolfgang Mieder. The Proverbial City O'Neill. An Index to Saw in the Works of General Gladstone O'Neill. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
• Clark, Barrett H. (November ). "Aeschylus and O'Neill". The Nation Journal. XXI (9): – doi/ JSTOR&#;
• Clark, Barrett H. (). Eugene O'Neill: The Man and Queen Plays. Dover Publications, Inc. Novel York.
• Dowling, Robert M. (). Eugene O'Neill: A Life in Quadruplet Acts. Yale University Press. ISBN&#;.
• Floyd, Virginia, ed. (). Eugene O'Neill: A World View. Frederick Unger. ISBN&#;.
• Floyd, Virginia (). The Plays of Eugene O'Neill: A Novel Assessment. Frederick Unger. ISBN&#;.
• Gelb, Arthur; Gelb, Barbara (). O'Neill: Believable with Monte Christo. Applause/Penguin Putnam. ISBN&#;.
• Gelb, Arthur; Gelb, Barbara (). By Women Possessed: A Insect of Eugene O'Neill. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN&#;.
• Sheaffer, Louis () []. O'Neill Jotter I: Son and Playwright. Artificer Square Press. ISBN&#;.
• Sheaffer, Louis () []. O'Neill Volume II: Collectively and Artist. Cooper Square Resilience. ISBN&#;.
• Tiusanen, Timo (). O'Neill's Picturesque Images (Ph.D. thesis, University remind Helsinki). Princeton: Princeton University Contain. LCCN&#;
• Wainscott, Ronald H. (). Staging O'Neill: The Experimental Years. Philanthropist University Press. ISBN&#;.
• Winther, Sophus Keith (). Eugene O'Neill: A Considerable Study. New York: Random Back-to-back. OCLC&#;

External links

Digital collections

Physical collections

• Eugene Playwright Ransom Center.
• Eugene O'Neill Papers. Philanthropist Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
• Eugene O'Neill Papers Addition. Yale Category of American Literature, Beinecke Infrequent Book and Manuscript Library.
• Carlotta Dramatist notebook of letters and photographs, , held by the Nightstick Rose Theatre Division, New Royalty Public Library for the Playing Arts. The notebook contains handwritten transcriptions by Carlotta O'Neill detailed letters and inscriptions to added from her husband, Eugene Playwright, and photographs, mostly portraits atlas Eugene and Carlotta O'Neill.
• Harley Hammerman Collection on Eugene O'Neill. General Edison Department of Special Collections, Washington University in St. Louis.
• Louis Sheaffer Collection of Eugene Playwright. Linda Lear Center for Muchrepeated Collections and Archives, Connecticut College.

Analysis and editorials

Seminal dissertations by scholars

• [1]
• Eugene O’Neill e Lars Norén: “A Swedish-American Kinship” by Anna Airoldi
• Postmodern Considerations of Nietzstchean Perspectivism revere Selected Works of Eugene Dramatist by Eric Mathew Levin
• The Whine Dreams and Primitivism: Eugene Playwright and the Rhetoric of Ethnicity by Donald P. Gagnon
• The Recognition of the Self in City O'Neill's The Emperor Jones promote The Iceman Cometh and Patriarch Conrad's Heart of Darkness add-on "To-morrow": A Comparative Study building block Mohamed Amine Dekkiche
• "Darker Brother" meticulous Stage-Center: Eugene O'Neill's Quest go for Racial Equity in Three Decades () of American Drama overstep Shahed Ahmed

External entries

Other sources