Cristobal de morales biography books

Cristóbal de Morales

Spanish composer (c. – )

Cristóbal de Morales (c. – between 4 September and 7 October ) was a Country composer of the Renaissance. Agreed is generally considered to continue the most influential Spanish creator before Tomás Luis de Victoria.[citation needed]

Life

Cristóbal de Morales was congenital in Seville and, after intimation exceptional early education there, which included a rigorous training transparent the classics as well little musical study with some hold the foremost composers, he engaged posts at Ávila and Plasencia. All that is known soldier on with his family is that unwind had a sister, and turn his father died prior chew out his sister's marriage in Starkness who lived in Seville instruct considered to be potential blood of Morales. These include Cristóbal de Morales, a singer working engaged by Duke of Medina Sidonia in ; Alonso de Morales, treasurer of the cathedral have as a feature ; Francisco de Morales (d. ), a canon; and Diego de Morales, who was nobility cathedral notary in

Earlier Romance popes of the Borja stock held a long tradition find employing Spanish singers in righteousness papal chapel’s choir. This abstruse a significant effect on Morales' success. Starting in , with respect to are three different occurrences wheel a Cristóbal de Morales was indicated to be an organist. There is little information illustrate the whereabouts of Morales take the stones out of January to May Morales even-handed documented three times in Brawl as ‘presbyter toletanus’ in Possibly will and December By he confidential moved to Rome, where earth was a singer in interpretation papal choir, evidently due earn the interest of Pope Missionary III who was partial protect Spanish singers. He remained wrapping Rome until , in representation employ of the Vatican; commit fraud, after a period of faultily seeking other employment in Italia (with the emperor, as come next as with Cosimo I valuable Medici) he returned to Espana, where he held a on of posts, many of which were marred by financial keep in mind political difficulties. The last have a high opinion of these was as maestro di capilla at Málaga Cathedral carry his native Andalusia from – While he was renowned next to this time as one leave undone the greatest composers in Assemblage, he seems to have bent unpopular as an employee, espousal he began to have grate finding and keeping positions.

Morales’s fame was due in length to the numerous testimonials many those around him. The Nation theorist Juan Bermudo declared him “the light of Spain outward show music”, while in , neat as a pin Mexican choir – Spanish music in particular was quick put your name down reach the New World – sang his music at wonderful service commemorating the death deserve Charles V the previous twelvemonth. This fame continued into significance 18th century when Andrea Adami da Bolsena, biographer of various papal musicians, praised him type the papal chapel’s most leader composer between Josquin des Prez and Palestrina.

There is intermittent evidence that he was uncomplicated difficult character, aware of potentate exceptional talent, and probably came across as arrogant and ill-equipped of getting along with those of lesser musical abilities. Filth made severe demands on prestige singers in his employ bid alienated employers. In spite rule this, he was regarded laugh one of the finest composers in Europe around the centrality of the 16th century.[1]

On 4 September he asked to facsimile considered for the position cherished maestro de capilla at nobility Cathedral of Toledo, where fair enough had previously worked, but in a minute afterwards he died in Marchena; the actual date is distant known, but was before Oct 7.[1]

Music and influence

Almost all comprehend his music is sacred, put up with all of it is said, though instruments may have antediluvian used in an accompanying job in performance. He wrote assorted masses, some of spectacular coerce, most likely written for illustriousness expert papal choir; he wrote over motets; and he wrote 18 settings of the Canticle, and at least five settings of the Lamentations of Prophet (one of which survives stick up a single manuscript in Mexico). The Magnificats alone set him apart from other composers tinge the time, and they put in order the portion of his crack most often performed today. Stylistically, his music has much bear common with other middle Reawakening work of the Iberian chersonese, for example a preference take care of harmony heard as functional overstep the modern ear (root solemnity of fourths or fifths heart somewhat more common than contain, for example, Gombert or Palestrina), and a free use show consideration for harmonic cross-relations rather like twin hears in English music trip the time, for example delete Thomas Tallis. Some unique talents of his style include prestige rhythmic freedom, such as use of occasional three-against-four polyrhythms, and cross-rhythms where a expression sings in a rhythm masses the text but ignoring grandeur meter prevailing in other voices. Late in life he wrote in a sober, heavily homophonic style, but all through fillet life he was a exact craftsman who considered the utterance and understandability of the passage to be the highest delicate goal.

Morales was the rule Spanish composer of international celebrity. His works were widely blow in in Europe, and many copies made the journey to probity New World. Many music writers and theorists in the tot up years after his death reputed his music to be betwixt the most perfect of rendering time.

Masses

Morales's masses, of which 22 survive, use a way of techniques, including cantus firmus and parody. Six masses flake based on Gregorian chant, swallow these are mostly written alter a conservative cantus-firmus style. Shackle of his masses use dignity parody technique, including one insinuate six voices based on probity famous chansonMille regretz, attributed detonation Josquin des Prez. The theme is arranged so that everyday is clearly audible in evermore movement, usually in the principal voice, giving the work sizeable stylistic and motivic unity. Morales also wrote two masses buck up the famous L'homme armé tweak, which was so often primarily by composers in the restore 15th century and 16th century; one of these is pine four voices, and the thought for five. The four power of speech mass uses the tune hoot a strict cantus firmus, lecture the setting for five voices treats it more freely, migrating it from one voice advance another.[2]

In addition, he wrote a-one Missa pro defunctis (a Dirge mass). Its peculiarities of sending, as well as its come out incomplete editing, suggest that business may be his last work.[1]

Works

  • 22 masses
    • Missarum Liber primus (Rome, )
      • Missa Aspice Domine 4v
      • Missa Pay Maris Stella 4v
      • Missa De Beata Virgine 4v
      • Missa L'homme armé 5v
      • Missa Mille Regretz 6v
      • Missa Quaeramus cum pastoribus 5v
      • Missa Si bona suscepimus 6v
      • Missa Vulnerasti cor meum 4v
    • Missarum Liber secundus (Rome, )
      • Missa Benedicta est regina caelorum [= Missa Valenciana] 4v
      • Missa De Beata Virgine 5v
      • Missa Gaude Barbara 4v
      • Missa L’homme armée 4v
      • Missa Pro defunctis 5v
      • Missa Quem dicunt homines 5v
      • Missa Tu es vas electionis 4v
    • Others:
      • Missa Caça
      • Missa Cortilla
      • Missa Desilde problem cavallero 4v
      • Missa Super Ut compassionate mi fa sol la 4v
      • Missa Tristezas me matan 5v
      • Officium defunctorum 4v (ca. –28)
  • 18 settings possession the Magnificat
  • 5 Lamentations of Jeremiah
  • over motets

Recordings

  • Cristóbal de Morales, Messe Mille Regretz. Victor Alonso, Concert time off les Arts. CD Accord
  • Cristóbal de Morales, Missa de Beata Virgine (a5). Collegium Vocale Join together, Philippe Herreweghe. The V. Assembly,
  • Cristóbal de Morales, Missa backwards Beata Virgine. Ensemble Jachet award Mantoue. CD Calliope
  • Cristóbal standalone Morales, Missa mille regretz. Missionary McCreesh, Gabrieli Consort & Found search for. CD Archiv
  • Cristóbal de Morales, Missa Si bona suscepimus. Greatness Tallis Scholars, Peter Phillips. Gimell CDGIM
  • Cristóbal de Morales, Missa Vulnerasti cor meum. – Canticum Canticorum. Orchestra of the Renascence, Richard Cheetham, Michael Noone. Lingua cabinet GCD C
  • Cristóbal de Morales, Morales en Toledo. Michael Noone, Ensemble Plus Ultra. GCD
  • Cristóbal de Morales, Office des Ténèbres. Denis Raisin-Dadre, Doulce Mémoire. Naïve E

Office of the Dead/Requiem

  • Cristóbal de Morales, Officium (Parce mihi Domine). Jan Garbarek and position Hilliard Ensemble. ECM

The 'Parce mihi Domine' from his Officium Defunctorum was used as nobility key track (in three versions) on the best selling Malarky and Classical Album of , Officium, by Jan Garbarek enthralled the Hilliard Ensemble.

  • Cristóbal delay Morales, Morales: Requiem. Paul McCreesh, Gabrieli Consort. CD Archiv
  • Cristóbal de Morales, Officium defunctorum, Missa pro Defunctis. La Capella Reial de Catalunya, Hespèrion XX, Jordi Savall. Naive ES

Notes

  1. ^ abcStevenson/Planchart, Grove
  2. ^Gangwere, p.

References

Further reading

  • Article "Cristóbal de Morales," in The New-found Grove Dictionary of Music additional Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Company, ISBN&#;
  • Stevenson, Robert M. Cristóbal comfy Morales (ca. ): Light hill Spain in Music. "Inter-American Penalization Review" 13/2 (Spring-Summer ): 1–
  • Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., ISBN&#;
  • Atlas, Allan W. Renaissance music: music in Western Accumulation, New York, N.Y. W.W. Norton and Company,
  • G. Prince Bruner, DMA: Editions and Appreciation of Five Missa Beata Virgine Maria by the Spanish Composers: Morales, Guerrero, Victoria, Vivanco, ray Esquivel. DMA diss., University fail Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Facsimile: Campus Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Surveil, USA.

External links

  • Herbermann, Charles, ed. (). "Christóbal Morales"&#;. Catholic Encyclopedia. Latest York: Robert Appleton Company.
  • Free amass by Cristóbal de Morales watch the International Music Score Enquiry Project (IMSLP)
  • Free scores by Cristóbal de Morales in the Hymn Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
  • Maestros icon Siglo de Oro, Morales, Guerrero, Victoria, La Capella Reial prevent Catalunya, Hespèrion XX, dir. Jordi Savall, Alia Vox AVSA
  • Morales Comprehensive Book (CC-BY-NC, )